| Maria Reiche | |
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Wax statue of Reiche in her workshop
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| Born | 15 May 1903 Dresden |
| Died | 8 June 1998 Lima |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | archaeology |
| Alma mater | Dresden Technical University |
| Known for | Nazca lines |
Maria Reiche (1903–1998) was a German-born mathematician, archaeologist, and technical translator who is most well-regarded for her research in the Nazca lines in Peru, beginning in 1940. She helped educate people about the resource and gain government recognition and preservation of the property. In 1995 the Nazca Lines were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Maria Reiche was born May 15, 1903 in Dresden. She studied mathematics, astronomy, geography and foreign languages at the Dresden Technical University.
In 1932 she began work as a nanny and teacher for the children of a German consul in Cuzco, Peru. In 1934 she lost one of her fingers to gangrene. The same year she became a teacher in Lima as well as did scientific translations. When World War II broke out, she decided not to return to Germany.
In 1940 Reiche became an assistant to American archaeologist Paul Kosok, who had discovered the Nazca lines. Around 1946 she began to map the figures in Nazca. After Kosok left in 1948, she continued the work and mapped the area.
Reiche theorized that the builders of the lines used them as a sun calendar and an observatory for astronomical cycles. Because the lines can be clearly seen only from above, she persuaded the Peruvian Air Force to help her with aerial photographic surveys. She worked alone in her home in Nazca. She published her theories in the book The Mystery of the Desert, which had a mixed response from scholars. She used the profits from the book to campaign for preservation of the Nazca desert and to hire guards for the property and assistants for her work.
Wanting to preserve the Nazca lines from encroaching traffic – the area is near the Pan American Highway – and various government schemes, Reiche spent considerable money in the effort in lobbying and education. She convinced the government to restrict public access to the area. She sponsored construction of a tower near the highway so that visitors could have an overview of the lines.
Reiche's health deteriorated over the years. She used a wheelchair, suffered from skin ailments, and lost her sight. In her later years she also suffered from Parkinson's disease. Marie Reiche died of ovarian cancer on June 8, 1998 in an air force hospital in Lima. Reiche was buried near Nazca with official honors.